Cisco IOS

Overview

Cisco IOS is a network operating system for Cisco ASR routers and Cisco Catalyst switches.

Related Built-in Rules

Benefit from SEKOIA.IO built-in rules and upgrade Cisco IOS with the following detection capabilities out-of-the-box.

SEKOIA.IO x Cisco IOS on ATT&CK Navigator

RYUK Ransomeware - martinstevens Username

Detects user name "martinstevens". Wizard Spider is used to add the user name "martinstevens" to the AD of its victims. It was observed in several campaigns; in 2019 and 2020.

• Effort: elementary

SEKOIA.IO Intelligence Feed

Detect threats based on indicators of compromise (IOCs) collected by SEKOIA's Threat and Detection Research team.

• Effort: elementary

Event Categories

The following table lists the data source offered by this integration.

Data Source	Description
Host network interface	every packets are logged and information on the outcome, the source/destination are extracted
Network device logs	ACL logs are examined in detail
Network protocol analysis	packets are fully analyzed

In details, the following table denotes the type of events produced by this integration.

Name	Values
Kind	event
Category	host
Type	``

Event Samples

Find below few samples of events and how they are normalized by SEKOIA.IO.

test_lineproto_down.jsontest_lineproto_up.jsontest_link_down.jsontest_link_up.jsontest_login.jsontest_login_failed.jsontest_logout.jsontest_sys_macflap.jsontest_tty_expired.json

{
    "message": "FE03.LOCAL: Mar 6 2023 08:04:45.866 CET: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13, changed state to down",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 5,
        "code": "UPDOWN",
        "reason": "Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13, changed state to down",
        "action": "down",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-03-06T07:04:45.866000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE03.LOCAL"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "LINEPROTO"
            },
            "observer": {
                "interface": {
                    "name": "GigabitEthernet1/0/13"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "STN01.LOCAL: Mar 6 2023 08:04:45.866 CET: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13, changed state to up",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 5,
        "code": "UPDOWN",
        "reason": "Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13, changed state to up",
        "action": "up",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-03-06T07:04:45.866000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "STN01.LOCAL"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "LINEPROTO"
            },
            "observer": {
                "interface": {
                    "name": "GigabitEthernet1/0/13"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "FE05: Mar 6 2023 08:04:45.866: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet2/0/13, changed state to down",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 3,
        "code": "UPDOWN",
        "reason": "Interface GigabitEthernet2/0/13, changed state to down",
        "action": "down",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-03-06T08:04:45.866000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE05"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "LINK"
            },
            "observer": {
                "interface": {
                    "name": "GigabitEthernet2/0/13"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "FE05: Mar 6 2023 08:04:45.866: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet2/0/25, changed state to up",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 3,
        "code": "UPDOWN",
        "reason": "Interface GigabitEthernet2/0/25, changed state to up",
        "action": "up",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-03-06T08:04:45.866000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE05"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "LINK"
            },
            "observer": {
                "interface": {
                    "name": "GigabitEthernet2/0/25"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "FE08: Jan 13 2023 10:16:05.33: %SEC_LOGIN-5-LOGIN_SUCCESS: Login Success [user: jdoe] [Source: 1.2.3.4] [localport: 22] at 10:16:05 GMT Fri Jan 13 2023",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 5,
        "code": "LOGIN_SUCCESS",
        "reason": "Login Success [user: jdoe] [Source: 1.2.3.4] [localport: 22] at 10:16:05 GMT Fri Jan 13 2023",
        "type": [
            "access",
            "start"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-01-13T10:16:05.330000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE08"
    },
    "source": {
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "port": 22,
        "address": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "user": {
        "name": "jdoe"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "SEC_LOGIN"
            }
        }
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4"
        ],
        "user": [
            "jdoe"
        ]
    }
}

{
    "message": "FE08: Jan 13 2023 10:16:05.33: %SYS-3-LOGGINGHOST_FAIL: Logging to host 3.2.4.5 port 514 failed",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 3,
        "code": "LOGGINGHOST_FAIL",
        "reason": "Logging to host 3.2.4.5 port 514 failed",
        "type": [
            "access",
            "end"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-01-13T10:16:05.330000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE08"
    },
    "destination": {
        "ip": "3.2.4.5",
        "port": 514,
        "address": "3.2.4.5"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "SYS"
            }
        }
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "3.2.4.5"
        ]
    }
}

{
    "message": "FE08: Jan 13 2023 10:16:05.33: %SYS-6-LOGOUT: User jdoe has exited tty session 2(1.2.3.4)",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 6,
        "code": "LOGOUT",
        "reason": "User jdoe has exited tty session 2(1.2.3.4)",
        "type": [
            "access",
            "end"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-01-13T10:16:05.330000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE08"
    },
    "source": {
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "address": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "user": {
        "name": "jdoe"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "SYS"
            },
            "observer": {
                "terminal": "2"
            }
        }
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4"
        ],
        "user": [
            "jdoe"
        ]
    }
}

{
    "message": "DN04.LOCAL: Feb 21 06:59:55.692: %SW_MATM-4-MACFLAP_NOTIF: Host 0011.2233.4455 in vlan 20 is flapping between port Gi1/0/9 and port Gi2/0/9",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 4,
        "code": "MACFLAP_NOTIF",
        "reason": "Host 0011.2233.4455 in vlan 20 is flapping between port Gi1/0/9 and port Gi2/0/9",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-02-21T06:59:55.692000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "DN04.LOCAL"
    },
    "source": {
        "mac": "00:11:22:33:44:55"
    },
    "network": {
        "vlan": {
            "id": "20"
        }
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "SW_MATM"
            },
            "observer": {
                "interface": {
                    "ports": [
                        "Gi1/0/9",
                        "Gi2/0/9"
                    ]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "FE08: Jan 13 2023 10:16:05.33: %SYS-6-TTY_EXPIRE_TIMER: (exec timer expired, tty 2 (1.2.3.4)), user jdoe",
    "event": {
        "kind": "event",
        "category": [
            "host"
        ],
        "severity": 6,
        "code": "TTY_EXPIRE_TIMER",
        "reason": "(exec timer expired, tty 2 (1.2.3.4)), user jdoe",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-01-13T10:16:05.330000Z",
    "observer": {
        "vendor": "Cisco",
        "product": "ios"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "FE08"
    },
    "source": {
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "address": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "user": {
        "name": "jdoe"
    },
    "cisco": {
        "ios": {
            "event": {
                "facility": "SYS"
            },
            "observer": {
                "terminal": "2"
            }
        }
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4"
        ],
        "user": [
            "jdoe"
        ]
    }
}

Extracted Fields

The following table lists the fields that are extracted, normalized under the ECS format, analyzed and indexed by the parser. It should be noted that infered fields are not listed.

Name	Type	Description
@timestamp	date	Date/time when the event originated.
cisco.ios.event.facility	keyword	The facility of the event
cisco.ios.observer.interface.name	keyword	The name of the interface
cisco.ios.observer.interface.ports	array	The list of ports associated to the interface
cisco.ios.observer.terminal	keyword	The identifier of the terminal used for the action
destination.ip	ip	IP address of the destination.
destination.port	long	Port of the destination.
event.action	keyword	The action captured by the event.
event.category	keyword	Event category. The second categorization field in the hierarchy.
event.code	keyword	Identification code for this event.
event.kind	keyword	The kind of the event. The highest categorization field in the hierarchy.
event.reason	keyword	Reason why this event happened, according to the source
event.severity	long	Numeric severity of the event.
host.name	keyword	Name of the host.
network.vlan.id	keyword	VLAN ID as reported by the observer.
observer.product	keyword	The product name of the observer.
observer.vendor	keyword	Vendor name of the observer.
source.ip	ip	IP address of the source.
source.mac	keyword	MAC address of the source.
source.port	long	Port of the source.
user.name	keyword	Short name or login of the user.

Configure

Prerequisites

An internal log concentrator is required to collect and forward events to SEKOIA.IO.

Enable Syslog forwarding

Log on your Cisco appliance and follow this guide to enable syslog forwarding.

Create the intake

Go to the intake page and create a new intake from the format Cisco IOS.

Transport to SEKOIA.IO

Please consult the Syslog Forwarding documentation to forward these logs to SEKOIA.IO.

Further Readings

• Cisco System Message Logging