Zscaler Internet Access

Overview

Zscaler Internet Access is a cloud-native security platform that delivers secure and direct internet access for users and devices, providing real-time protection against cyber threats while enabling secure and efficient web access from anywhere.

• Vendor: Zscaler
• Supported environment: SaaS
• Detection based on: Telemetry
• Supported application or feature: File monitoring, Process monitoring, Process use of network

Supported logs

This integration can ingest the following logs:

• Admin Audit
• DNS logs
• Firewall Logs
• SaaS Security
• SaaS Security Activity
• Tunnel
• Web Log

Configure

This section will guide you on how to forward Zscaler ZIA events to Sekoia.io.

Create the intake

Go to the intake page and create a new intake from the Zscaler ZIAformat.

Forward events with NSS Servers

Prerequisites

You must have an internal log concentrator to forward events with NSS servers.

Configure the forwarding

In the Zscaler ZIA console:

1. Go to Administration > Cloud Configuration > Nanolog Streaming Service
2. Select the NSS Feeds tab
3. Select Add NSS Feed for each log type you want to forward
4. In the modal, type a name for the feed, select the NSS Server, and then select the Enabledstatus
5. In the SIEM IP Address field, enter the IP address of the log concentrator
6. In the SIEM TCP Port field, enter the port of the log concentrator
7. Select the desired log type
8. Select Custom as the Feed Output Type. When possible, fill the Feed Escape Character input with the characters ,\"

9. For Feed Output Format, paste the following format according to the log type:

   Web LogSaaS SecuritySaaS Security ActivityTunnel IKE Phase 1Tunnel IKE Phase 2TunnelAdmin Audit

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-web", "event" : \{"datetime":"%d{yy}-%02d{mth}-%02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss}","reason":"%s{reason}","event_id":"%d{recordid}","protocol":"%s{proto}","action":"%s{action}","transactionsize":"%d{totalsize}","responsesize":"%d{respsize}","requestsize":"%d{reqsize}","urlcategory":"%s{urlcat}","serverip":"%s{sip}","requestmethod":"%s{reqmethod}","refererURL":"%s{ereferer}","useragent":"%s{eua}","product":"NSS","location":"%s{elocation}","ClientIP":"%s{cip}","status":"%s{respcode}","user":"%s{elogin}","url":"%s{eurl}","vendor":"Zscaler","hostname":"%s{ehost}","clientpublicIP":"%s{cintip}","threatcategory":"%s{malwarecat}","threatname":"%s{threatname}","filetype":"%s{filetype}","appname":"%s{appname}","pagerisk":"%d{riskscore}","department":"%s{edepartment}","urlsupercategory":"%s{urlsupercat}","appclass":"%s{appclass}","dlpengine":"%s{dlpeng}","urlclass":"%s{urlclass}","threatclass":"%s{malwareclass}","dlpdictionaries":"%s{dlpdict}","fileclass":"%s{fileclass}","bwthrottle":"%s{bwthrottle}","contenttype":"%s{contenttype}","unscannabletype":"%s{unscannabletype}","deviceowner":"%s{deviceowner}","devicehostname":"%s{devicehostname}","keyprotectiontype":"%s{keyprotectiontype}"\}\}
   

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-casb", "event" :\{"datetime":"%s{time}","recordid":"%d{recordid}","company":"%s{company}","tenant":"%s{tenant}","login":"%s{user}","dept":"%s{department}","applicationname":"%s{applicationname}","filename":"%s{filename}","filesource":"%s{filesource}","filemd5":"%s{filemd5}","threatname":"%s{threatname}","policy":"%s{policy}","dlpdictnames":"%s{dlpdictnames}","dlpdictcount":"%s{dlpdictcount}","dlpenginenames":"%s{dlpenginenames}","fullurl":"%s{fullurl}","lastmodtime":"%s{lastmodtime}","filescantimems":"%d{filescantimems}","filedownloadtimems":"%d{filedownloadtimems}"\}\}
   

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-casb", "event" :\{"login":"%s{username}","tenant":"%s{tenant}","object_type":"%d{objtype1}","applicationname":"%s{appname}","object_name_1":"%s{objnames1}","object_name_2":"%s{objnames2}"\}\}
   

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-tunnel", "event" : \{"datetime":"%s{datetime}","Recordtype":"%s{tunnelactionname}","tunneltype":"IPSEC IKEV %d{ikeversion}","user":"%s{vpncredentialname}","location":"%s{elocationname}","sourceip":"%s{sourceip}","destinationip":"%s{destvip}","sourceport":"%d{srcport}","destinationport":"%d{dstport}","lifetime":"%d{lifetime}","ikeversion":"%d{ikeversion}","spi_in":"%lu{spi_in}","spi_out":"%lu{spi_out}","algo":"%s{algo}","authentication":"%s{authentication}","authtype":"%s{authtype}","recordid":"%d{recordid}"\}\}
   

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-tunnel", "event" : \{"datetime":"%s{datetime}","Recordtype":"%s{tunnelactionname}","tunneltype":"IPSEC IKEV %d{ikeversion}","user":"%s{vpncredentialname}","location":"%s{elocationname}","sourceip":"%s{sourceip}","destinationip":"%s{destvip}","sourceport":"%d{srcport}","sourceportstart":"%d{srcportstart}","destinationportstart":"%d{destportstart}","srcipstart":"%s{srcipstart}","srcipend":"%s{srcipend}","destinationipstart":"%s{destipstart}","destinationipend":"%s{destipend}","lifetime":"%d{lifetime}","ikeversion":"%d{ikeversion}","lifebytes":"%d{lifebytes}","spi":"%d{spi}","algo":"%s{algo}","authentication":"%s{authentication}","authtype":"%s{authtype}","protocol":"%s{protocol}","tunnelprotocol":"%s{tunnelprotocol}","policydirection":"%s{policydirection}","recordid":"%d{recordid}"\}\}
   

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-tunnel", "event" : \{"datetime":"%s{datetime}","Recordtype":"%s{tunnelactionname}","tunneltype":"%s{tunneltype}","user":"%s{vpncredentialname}","location":"%s{elocationname}","sourceip":"%s{sourceip}","destinationip":"%s{destvip}","sourceport":"%d{srcport}","event":"%s{event}","eventreason":"%s{eventreason}","recordid":"%d{recordid}"\}\}
   

   %s{mon} %02d{dd} %02d{hh}:%02d{mm}:%02d{ss} zscaler-nss \{ "sourcetype" : "zscalernss-audit", "event" :\{"time":"%s{time}","recordid":"%d{recordid}","action":"%s{action}","category":"%s{category}","subcategory":"%s{subcategory}","resource":"%s{resource}","interface":"%s{interface}","adminid":"%s{adminid}","clientip":"%s{clientip}","result":"%s{result}","errorcode":"%s{errorcode}","auditlogtype":"%s{auditlogtype}","preaction":"%s{epreaction}","postaction":"%s{epostaction}"\}\}
   

10. Select Save

Forward logs to Sekoia.io

For more information on forwarding logs to Sekoia.io, see Syslog Forwarding

Forward events with Cloud NSS Feed

In the Zscaler ZIA console:

1. Go to Administration > Cloud Configuration > Nanolog Streaming Service
2. Select the Cloud NSS Feeds tab
3. Select Add Clous NSS Feed for each log type you want to forward
4. In the modal, in the General section, enter a name for the feed, select the status Enabled. According to the log type you want to forward, select the NSS type
   1. For Admin Audit, SaaS Security, SaaS Security Activity and Web Log, select NSS for web
   2. For Firewall Logs or DNS logs, select NSS for firewall
5. In the SIEM Connectivity section
   1. Select Other as the SIEM Type
   2. Turn off the OAUTH2.0 Authenticationtoggle
   3. In the Max batch size field, enter 512 kb
   4. As the API URL, enter https://intake.sekoia.io/plain/batch?status_code=200
   5. Select Add HTTP Header and add the HTTP header X-SEKOIAIO-INTAKE-KEY with our intake key as the value
6. In the Formatting section
   1. Select the desired Log type
   2. Select JSON as the Feed Output Type
   3. Turn off the JSON Array Notationtoggle
   4. Keep Feed Escape Character with the characters ,\"
   5. Keep Feed Output Format unchanged
   6. Keep Timezone to GMT
7. Select Save

Raw Events Samples

In this section, you will find examples of raw logs as generated natively by the source. These examples are provided to help integrators understand the data format before ingestion into Sekoia.io. It is crucial for setting up the correct parsing stages and ensuring that all relevant information is captured.

test_event_audit1test_event_audit2test_event_casbtest_event_dnstest_event_firewalltest_event_webtest_event_web2test_event_web3test_saas_security_eventtest_tunnel_gretest_tunnel_ipsev_ikev1test_tunnel_ipsev_ikev2

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-audit",
    "event": {
        "time": "Mon Aug 28 08:04:30 2023",
        "recordid": "0",
        "action": "UPDATE",
        "category": "Unknown",
        "subcategory": "Unknown",
        "resource": "com.zscaler.zapi.domain.nss.ZmanageNssFeed",
        "interface": "UI",
        "adminid": "None",
        "clientip": "1.2.3.4",
        "result": "SUCCESS",
        "errorcode": "None",
        "auditlogtype": "ZIA",
        "preaction": "Unknown",
        "postaction": "Unknown"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-audit",
    "event": {
        "time": "Mon Aug 28 08:04:30 2023",
        "recordid": "0",
        "action": "SIGN_IN",
        "category": "Unknown",
        "subcategory": "Unknown",
        "resource": "com.zscaler.zapi.domain.AuthCredentials",
        "interface": "UI",
        "adminid": "None",
        "clientip": "1.2.3.4",
        "result": "SUCCESS",
        "errorcode": "None",
        "auditlogtype": "ZIA",
        "preaction": "Unknown",
        "postaction": "Unknown"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-casb",
    "event": {
        "login": "john.doe@example.org",
        "tenant": "example",
        "object_type": "0",
        "applicationname": "ONEDRIVE",
        "object_name_1": "sanity2022-09-04 00-06.pdf",
        "object_name_2": "Maverick"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-dns",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "Mon Aug 28 08:05:55 2023",
        "user": "john.doe@example.orf",
        "department": "Financial%20Dept",
        "location": "Road%20Warrior",
        "reqaction": "Allow",
        "resaction": "Allow",
        "reqrulelabel": "DNS_1",
        "resrulelabel": "Zscaler Bypass Traffic",
        "dns_reqtype": "AAAA",
        "dns_req": "test.example.org",
        "dns_resp": "NotFound",
        "srv_dport": "53",
        "durationms": "0",
        "clt_sip": "1.2.3.4",
        "srv_dip": "5.6.7.8",
        "category": "Corporate Marketing",
        "respipcategory": "Other",
        "deviceowner": "johndoe",
        "devicehostname": "hostname"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-fw",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "Mon Aug 28 15:43:59 2023",
        "user": "john.doe@example.org",
        "department": "Financial%20Dept",
        "locationname": "Road%20Warrior",
        "cdport": "443",
        "csport": "52352",
        "sdport": "443",
        "ssport": "43007",
        "csip": "1.2.3.4",
        "cdip": "1.2.3.4",
        "ssip": "5.6.7.8",
        "sdip": "5.6.7.8",
        "tsip": "0.0.0.0",
        "tunsport": "0",
        "tuntype": "ZscalerClientConnector",
        "action": "Allow",
        "dnat": "No",
        "stateful": "Yes",
        "aggregate": "Yes",
        "nwsvc": "HTTPS",
        "nwapp": "mozilla",
        "proto": "TCP",
        "ipcat": "Internet Services",
        "destcountry": "United States",
        "avgduration": "170000",
        "rulelabel": "Recommended%20Firewall%20Rule",
        "inbytes": "3367",
        "outbytes": "5894",
        "duration": "340",
        "durationms": "340000",
        "numsessions": "2",
        "ipsrulelabel": "None",
        "threatcat": "Threat category 2",
        "threatname": "Threat name 1",
        "deviceowner": "johndoe",
        "devicehostname": " "
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-web",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "2023-08-28 15:43:14",
        "reason": "Allowed",
        "event_id": "1111111111111111111",
        "protocol": "SSL",
        "action": "Allowed",
        "transactionsize": "608",
        "responsesize": "0",
        "requestsize": "608",
        "urlcategory": "News and Media",
        "serverip": "5.6.7.8",
        "requestmethod": "NA",
        "refererURL": "None",
        "useragent": "Unknown",
        "product": "NSS",
        "location": "Road%20Warrior",
        "ClientIP": "1.2.3.4",
        "status": "NA",
        "user": "john.doe@example.org",
        "url": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "vendor": "Zscaler",
        "hostname": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "clientpublicIP": "4.3.2.1",
        "threatcategory": "Threat category 1",
        "threatname": "Threat Name 1",
        "filetype": "filetype 1",
        "appname": "General Browsing",
        "pagerisk": "0",
        "department": "Financial%20Dept",
        "urlsupercategory": "News and Media",
        "appclass": "General Browsing",
        "dlpengine": "None",
        "urlclass": "Bandwidth Loss",
        "threatclass": "threat class # 1",
        "dlpdictionaries": "None",
        "fileclass": "None",
        "bwthrottle": "NO",
        "contenttype": "Other",
        "unscannabletype": "None",
        "deviceowner": "johndoe",
        "devicehostname": " ",
        "keyprotectiontype": "N/A"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-web",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "2023-08-28 15:43:14",
        "reason": "Allowed",
        "event_id": "1111111111111111111",
        "protocol": "SSL",
        "action": "Allowed",
        "transactionsize": "608",
        "responsesize": "0",
        "requestsize": "608",
        "urlcategory": "News and Media",
        "serverip": "5.6.7.8",
        "requestmethod": "NA",
        "refererURL": "None",
        "useragent": "Unknown",
        "product": "NSS",
        "location": "Road%20Warrior",
        "ClientIP": "1.2.3.4",
        "status": "NA",
        "user": "john.doe@example.org",
        "url": "ctldl.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/v3/static/trustedr/en/pinrulesstl.cab?9ea4b61fd3501b07",
        "vendor": "Zscaler",
        "hostname": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "clientpublicIP": "4.3.2.1",
        "threatcategory": "Threat category 1",
        "threatname": "Threat Name 1",
        "filetype": "filetype 1",
        "appname": "General Browsing",
        "pagerisk": "0",
        "department": "Financial%20Dept",
        "urlsupercategory": "News and Media",
        "appclass": "General Browsing",
        "dlpengine": "None",
        "urlclass": "Bandwidth Loss",
        "threatclass": "threat class # 1",
        "dlpdictionaries": "None",
        "fileclass": "None",
        "bwthrottle": "NO",
        "contenttype": "Other",
        "unscannabletype": "None",
        "deviceowner": "johndoe",
        "devicehostname": " ",
        "keyprotectiontype": "N/A"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-web",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "2024-08-26 13:27:54",
        "reason": "Allowed",
        "event_id": "1111111111111111",
        "protocol": "HTTPS",
        "action": "Allowed",
        "transactionsize": "1706",
        "responsesize": "758",
        "requestsize": "948",
        "urlcategory": "Online Chat",
        "serverip": "1.2.3.4",
        "requestmethod": "GET",
        "refererURL": "exemple.url.com/",
        "useragent": "Mozilla/5.0%20(Windows%20NT%2010.0;%20Win64;%20x64)%20AppleWebKit/537.36%20(KHTML%2c%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome/128.0.0.0%20Safari/537.36",
        "product": "NSS",
        "location": "FR-Re",
        "ClientIP": "5.6.7.8",
        "status": "200",
        "user": "john.doe@mail.com",
        "url": "api.chat.org/bot/sendmessage",
        "vendor": "Zscaler",
        "hostname": "api.chat.org",
        "clientpublicIP": "5.6.7.8",
        "threatcategory": "None",
        "threatname": "None",
        "filetype": "None",
        "appname": "Random Chat",
        "pagerisk": "10",
        "department": "FR",
        "urlsupercategory": "Internet Communication",
        "appclass": "Sales and Marketing",
        "dlpengine": "None",
        "urlclass": "Business Use",
        "threatclass": "None",
        "dlpdictionaries": "None",
        "fileclass": "None",
        "bwthrottle": "NO",
        "contenttype": "application/json",
        "unscannabletype": "None",
        "deviceowner": "NA",
        "devicehostname": "NA",
        "keyprotectiontype": "Software Protection"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-casb",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "Wed Aug 17 15:35:15 2022",
        "recordid": "7132869149011804161",
        "company": "Example",
        "tenant": "example-tenant",
        "login": "john.doe@example.onmicrosoft.com",
        "dept": "Financial%20Dept",
        "applicationname": "SHAREPOINT",
        "filename": "sanity2022-08-16 14-03.pdf",
        "filesource": "/sites/tanya/Shared%20Documents/Activity",
        "filemd5": "01565bf41f1cb993d69334f409835293",
        "threatname": "malpdf",
        "policy": "Quarantine Malware",
        "dlpdictnames": null,
        "dlpdictcount": null,
        "dlpenginenames": null,
        "fullurl": "https://example.org/sites/",
        "lastmodtime": "Tue Aug 16 14:03:13 2022",
        "filescantimems": "537",
        "filedownloadtimems": "435"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-tunnel",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "Thu Jun 23 16:24:59 2022",
        "Recordtype": "Tunnel Samples",
        "tunneltype": "GRE",
        "user": "john.doe@example.org",
        "location": "Road%20Warrior",
        "sourceip": "1.2.3.4",
        "destinationip": "5.6.7.8",
        "sourceport": "4535",
        "event": "PHASE1_ERROR",
        "eventreason": "TIMEOUT",
        "recordid": "7112472280601133057"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-tunnel",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "Thu Jun 23 16:24:59 2022",
        "Recordtype": "Tunnel Samples",
        "tunneltype": "ipsec",
        "user": "john.doe@example.org",
        "location": "Road%20Warrior",
        "sourceip": "1.2.3.4",
        "destinationip": "5.6.7.8",
        "sourceport": "4535",
        "sourceportstart": "10432",
        "destinationportstart": "23456",
        "srcipstart": "1.1.5.0",
        "srcipend": "1.2.123.254",
        "destinationipstart": "5.2.1.1",
        "destinationipend": "5.200.123.254",
        "lifetime": "3600",
        "ikeversion": "1",
        "lifebytes": "1560",
        "spi": "1111111111111111",
        "algo": "BLOWFISH_CBC",
        "authentication": "HMAC_SHA256",
        "authtype": "RSAENC",
        "protocol": "TCP",
        "tunnelprotocol": "ESP",
        "policydirection": null,
        "recordid": "7112472280601133057"
    }
}

{
    "sourcetype": "zscalernss-tunnel",
    "event": {
        "datetime": "Thu Jun 23 16:24:59 2022",
        "Recordtype": "Tunnel Samples",
        "tunneltype": "ipsec",
        "user": "john.doe@example.org",
        "location": "Road%20Warrior",
        "sourceip": "1.2.3.4",
        "destinationip": "5.6.7.8",
        "sourceport": "4535",
        "destinationport": "4564",
        "lifetime": "3600",
        "ikeversion": "1",
        "spi_in": "1111111",
        "spi_out": "22222222",
        "algo": "BLOWFISH_CBC",
        "authentication": "HMAC_SHA256",
        "authtype": "RSAENC",
        "recordid": "7112472280601133057"
    }
}

Detection section

The following section provides information for those who wish to learn more about the detection capabilities enabled by collecting this intake. It includes details about the built-in rule catalog, event categories, and ECS fields extracted from raw events. This is essential for users aiming to create custom detection rules, perform hunting activities, or pivot in the events page.

Related Built-in Rules

The following Sekoia.io built-in rules match the intake Zscaler Internet Access. This documentation is updated automatically and is based solely on the fields used by the intake which are checked against our rules. This means that some rules will be listed but might not be relevant with the intake.

SEKOIA.IO x Zscaler Internet Access on ATT&CK Navigator

Advanced IP Scanner

Detects the use of Advanced IP Scanner. Seems to be a popular tool for ransomware groups.

• Effort: master

Bazar Loader DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm)

Detects Bazar Loader domains based on the Bazar Loader DGA

• Effort: elementary

Burp Suite Tool Detected

Burp Suite is a cybersecurity tool. When used as a proxy service, its purpose is to intercept packets and modify them to send them to the server. Burp Collaborator is a network service that Burp Suite uses to help discover many kinds of vulnerabilities (vulnerabilities scanner).

• Effort: intermediate

CVE-2018-11776 Apache Struts2

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace.

• Effort: intermediate

CVE-2018-13379 Fortinet Exploit

Detects the successful exploitation of the Fortinet FortiOS CVE-2018-13379. This CVE is one of the most exploited CVEs since 2018. It is exploited by APT threat actors as well as cybercriminals. The exploitation of this CVE lead an unauthenticated user to get full access to FortiOS system file through SSL VPN via specially crafted HTTP resource requests. The exploit read /dev/cmdb/sslvpn_websession file, that contains login and passwords in (clear/text). An HTTP response status code = 200, means the file was successfully accessed. This vulnerability affects FortiOS 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 and FortiOS 6.0.0 to 6.0.4.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2019-0604 SharePoint

Detects the exploitation of the SharePoint vulnerability (CVE-2019-0604).

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2019-11510 Pulse Secure Exploit

Detects the successful exploitation of the Pulse Secure vulnerability CVE-2019-11510. This CVE is one of the most exploited CVEs since 2019. It is exploited by diverse threat actors, leading sometimes in ransomware deployement among these groups: Maze, Conti, Egregor, DoppelPaymer, NetWalker and REvil. But also APT actors such as APT29. The exploitation of this CVE allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to compromise a vulnerable VPN server. The attacker may be able to gain access to all active users and their plain-text credentials. It may also be possible for the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on each VPN client as it successfully connects to the VPN server. The exploit reads /etc/passwd file to get access to login and passwords in (clear/text). An HTTP response status code = 200, means the file was successfully accessed. This vulnerability affects 8.1R15.1, 8.2 before 8.2R12.1, 8.3 before 8.3R7.1, and 9.0 before 9.0R3.4 products.

• Effort: elementary

CVE-2019-19781 Citrix NetScaler (ADC)

Detects CVE-2019-19781 exploitation attempt against Citrix NetScaler (ADC), Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway Attack.

• Effort: elementary

CVE-2019-2725 Oracle Weblogic Exploit

Detects the successful exploitation of a deserialization vulnerability in Oracle Weblogic Server, CVE-2019-2725. This vulnerability affects versions 10.X and 12.1.3 of WebLogic that have the components wls9_async_response.war and wls-wsat.war enabled. It is a remote code execution which can be exploited without authentication via HTTP. An HTTP response status code = 202, means the target is vulnerable, the analyst then has to look in depth to check if a webshell has been uploaded or something else has been done.

• Effort: elementary

CVE-2020-0688 Microsoft Exchange Server Exploit

Detects the exploitation of CVE-2020-0688. The POC exploit a .NET serialization vulnerability in the Exchange Control Panel (ECP) web page. The vulnerability is due to Microsoft Exchange Server not randomizing the keys on a per-installation basis resulting in them using the same validationKey and decryptionKey values. With knowledge of these, values an attacker can craft a special viewstate to use an OS command to be executed by NT_AUTHORITY\SYSTEM using .NET deserialization. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs to leverage the credentials of an account it had already compromised to authenticate to OWA.

• Effort: elementary

CVE-2020-1147 SharePoint

Detection of SharePoint vulnerability CVE-2020-1147.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2020-14882 Oracle WebLogic Server

Detects the exploitation of the Oracle WebLogic Server vulnerability (CVE-2020-16952).

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2020-17530 Apache Struts RCE

Detects the exploitation of the Apache Struts RCE vulnerability (CVE-2020-17530).

• Effort: intermediate

CVE-2020-5902 F5 BIG-IP Exploitation Attempts

Detects the exploitation attempt of the vulnerability found in F5 BIG-IP and described in CVE-2020-5902.

• Effort: elementary

CVE-2021-20021 SonicWall Unauthenticated Administrator Access

Detects the exploitation of SonicWall Unauthenticated Admin Access.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-20023 SonicWall Arbitrary File Read

Detects Arbitrary File Read, which can be used with other vulnerabilities as a mean to obtain outputs generated by attackers, or sensitive data.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-21972 VMware vCenter

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.x before 7.0 U1c, 6.7 before 6.7 U3l and 6.5 before 6.5 U3n) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2 and 3.x before 3.10.1.2). POST request on the following PATH "/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova". If in response body (500) the words it has "uploadFile", that means the vCenter is available to accept files via POST without any restrictions.

• Effort: intermediate

CVE-2021-21985 VMware vCenter

The VMware vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability due to lack of input validation in the Virtual SAN Health Check plug-in which is enabled by default in vCenter Server. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.0 before 7.0 U2b, 6.7 before 6.7 U3n and 6.5 before 6.5 U3p) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2.1 and 3.x before 3.10.2.1).

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-22123 Fortinet FortiWeb OS Command Injection

Detects Fortinet FortiWeb OS Command Injection (August 2021) vulnerability exploitation attempt. A remote, authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the system hosting a vulnerable FortiWeb WAF by sending a POST request with the command in the name field. At the time of writing this rule, it would appear that the request would respond in code 500 for a successful exploitation attempt.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-22893 Pulse Connect Secure RCE Vulnerability

Detects potential exploitation of the authentication by-pass vulnerability that can allow an unauthenticated user to perform remote arbitrary file execution on the Pulse Connect Secure gateway. It is highly recommended to apply the Pulse Secure mitigations and seach for indicators of compromise on affected servers if you are in doubt over the integrity of your Pulse Connect Secure product.

• Effort: intermediate

CVE-2021-26855 Exchange SSRF

Detects the exploitation of ProyxLogon vulerability on Exchange servers.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-34473 ProxyShell Attempt

Detects CVE-2021-34473 ProxyShell attempt against Microsoft Exchange Server, Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-41773 Apache 2.4.49 Path Traversal

Detects successful exploitation of the Apache Path Traversal CVE-2021-41773.

• Effort: advanced

CVE-2021-43798 Grafana Directory Traversal

Grafana version 8.x has a 0day arbitrary file read (with no fix yet) based on a directory traversal vulnerability

• Effort: intermediate

Certify Or Certipy

Detects the use of certify and certipy which are two different tools used to enumerate and abuse Active Directory Certificate Services.

• Effort: advanced

Cobalt Strike DNS Beaconing

Detects suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons. The threshold is more than 50 suspicious DNS requests to avoid false positives.

• Effort: advanced

Cobalt Strike Default Beacons Names

Detects the default names of Cobalt Strike beacons / payloads.

• Effort: intermediate

Cobalt Strike HTTP Default GET beaconing

Detects GET HTTP queries from known Cobalt Strike beacons (source code 4.3)

• Effort: advanced

Cobalt Strike HTTP Default POST Beaconing

Detects POST HTTP queries from known Cobalt Strike beacons (source code 4.3)

• Effort: advanced

Correlation Potential DNS Tunnel

Detects domain name which is longer than 95 characters. Long domain names are distinctive of DNS tunnels.

• Effort: advanced

Covenant Default HTTP Beaconing

Detects potential Covenant communications through the user-agent and specific urls

• Effort: intermediate

Credential Dump Tools Related Files

Detects processes or file names related to credential dumping tools and the dropped files they generate by default.

• Effort: advanced

Cryptomining

Detection of domain names potentially related to cryptomining activities.

• Effort: master

Detect requests to Konni C2 servers

This rule detects requests to Konni C2 servers. These patterns come from an analysis done in 2022, September.

• Effort: elementary

Discord Suspicious Download

Discord is a messaging application. It allows users to create their own communities to share messages and attachments. Those attachments have little to no overview and can be downloaded by almost anyone, which has been abused by attackers to host malicious payloads.

• Effort: intermediate

Download Files From Suspicious TLDs

Detects download of certain file types from hosts in suspicious TLDs

• Effort: master

Dynamic DNS Contacted

Detect communication with dynamic dns domain. This kind of domain is often used by attackers. This rule can trigger false positive in non-controlled environment because dynamic dns is not always malicious.

• Effort: master

EvilProxy Phishing Domain

Detects subdomains potentially generated by the EvilProxy adversary-in-the-middle phishing platform. Inspect the other subdomains of the domain to identify the landing page, and determine if the user submitted credentials. This rule has a small percentage of false positives on legitimate domains.

• Effort: intermediate

Exfiltration Domain

Detects traffic toward a domain flagged as a possible exfiltration vector.

• Effort: master

FoggyWeb HTTP Default GET/POST Requests

Detects GET or POST request pattern observed within the first FoggyWeb campaign detected by Microsoft.

• Effort: advanced

GitLab CVE-2021-22205

Detects GitLab vulnerability CVE-2021-22205 exploitation success. It allows an attacker to do some remote code execution with user git. The HTTP return code 422 indicates a successfull exploitation.

• Effort: intermediate

HTA Infection Chains

Detect the creation of a ZIP file and an HTA file as it is often used in infection chains. Furthermore it also detects the use of suspicious processes launched by explorer.exe combined with the creation of an HTA file, since it is also often used in infection chains (LNK - HTA for instance).

• Effort: advanced

HTML Smuggling Suspicious Usage

Based on several samples from different botnets, this rule aims at detecting HTML infection chain by looking for HTML created files followed by suspicious files being executed.

• Effort: intermediate

HackTools Suspicious Names

Quick-win rule to detect the default process names or file names of several HackTools.

• Effort: elementary

ISO LNK Infection Chain

Detection of an ISO (or any other similar archive file) downloaded file, followed by a child-process of explorer, which is characteristic of an infection using an ISO containing an LNK file. For events with host.name.

• Effort: intermediate

Koadic MSHTML Command

Detects Koadic payload using MSHTML module

• Effort: intermediate

LokiBot Default C2 URL

Detects default C2 URL for trojan LokiBot

• Effort: elementary

Nimbo-C2 User Agent

Nimbo-C2 Uses an unusual User-Agent format in its implants.

• Effort: intermediate

PasswordDump SecurityXploded Tool

Detects the execution of the PasswordDump SecurityXploded Tool

• Effort: elementary

Possible Malicious File Double Extension

Detects request to potential malicious file with double extension

• Effort: elementary

Potential Azure AD Phishing Page (Adversary-in-the-Middle)

Detects an HTTP request to an URL typical of the Azure AD authentication flow, but towards a domain that is not one the legitimate Microsoft domains used for Azure AD authentication.

• Effort: intermediate

Potential Bazar Loader User-Agents

Detects potential Bazar loader communications through the user-agent

• Effort: elementary

Potential DNS Tunnel

Detects domain name which is longer than 95 characters. Long domain names are distinctive of DNS tunnels.

• Effort: advanced

Potential Lemon Duck User-Agent

Detects LemonDuck user agent. The format used two sets of alphabetical characters separated by dashes, for example "User-Agent: Lemon-Duck-[A-Z]-[A-Z]".

• Effort: elementary

Potential LokiBot User-Agent

Detects potential LokiBot communications through the user-agent

• Effort: intermediate

Privilege Escalation Awesome Scripts (PEAS)

Detect PEAS privileges escalation scripts and binaries

• Effort: elementary

ProxyShell Microsoft Exchange Suspicious Paths

Detects suspicious calls to Microsoft Exchange resources, in locations related to webshells observed in campaigns using this vulnerability.

• Effort: elementary

RTLO Character

Detects RTLO (Right-To-Left character) in file and process names.

• Effort: elementary

Raccoon Stealer 2.0 Legitimate Third-Party DLL Download URL

Detects Raccoon Stealer 2.0 malware downloading legitimate third-party DLLs from its C2 server. These legitimate DLLs are used by the information stealer to collect data on the compromised hosts.

• Effort: elementary

Remote Access Tool Domain

Detects traffic toward a domain flagged as a Remote Administration Tool (RAT).

• Effort: master

Remote Monitoring and Management Software - AnyDesk

Detect artifacts related to the installation or execution of the Remote Monitoring and Management tool AnyDesk.

• Effort: master

Remote Monitoring and Management Software - Atera

Detect artifacts related to the installation or execution of the Remote Monitoring and Management tool Atera.

• Effort: master

SEKOIA.IO Intelligence Feed

Detect threats based on indicators of compromise (IOCs) collected by SEKOIA's Threat and Detection Research team.

• Effort: elementary

Sekoia.io EICAR Detection

Detects observables in Sekoia.io CTI tagged as EICAR, which are fake samples meant to test detection.

• Effort: master

SharePoint Authenticated SSRF

Detects succesful SSRF from an authenticated SharePoint user.

• Effort: elementary

Sign-In Via Known AiTM Phishing Kit

Detects a sign-in attempt from an IP address belonging to a known adversary-in-the-middle phishing kit.

• Effort: elementary

Sliver DNS Beaconing

Detects suspicious DNS queries known from Sliver beaconing

• Effort: intermediate

Suspicious Download Links From Legitimate Services

Detects users clicking on Google docs links to download suspicious files. This technique was used a lot by Bazar Loader in the past.

• Effort: intermediate

Suspicious File Name

Detects suspicious file name possibly linked to malicious tool.

• Effort: advanced

Suspicious PROCEXP152.sys File Created In Tmp

Detects the creation of the PROCEXP152.sys file in the application-data local temporary folder. This driver is used by Sysinternals Process Explorer but also by KDU (https://github.com/hfiref0x/KDU) or Ghost-In-The-Logs (https://github.com/bats3c/Ghost-In-The-Logs), which uses KDU. Note - Clever attackers may easily bypass this detection by just renaming the driver filename. Therefore just Medium-level and don't rely on it.

• Effort: advanced

Suspicious TOR Gateway

Detects suspicious TOR gateways. Gateways are often used by the victim to pay and decrypt the encrypted files without installing TOR. Tor intercepts the network traffic from one or more apps on user’s computer, usually the user web browser, and shuffles it through a number of randomly-chosen computers before passing it on to its destination. This disguises user location, and makes it harder for servers to pick him/her out on repeat visits, or to tie together separate visits to different sites, this making tracking and surveillance more difficult. Before a network packet starts its journey, user’s computer chooses a random list of relays and repeatedly encrypts the data in multiple layers, like an onion. Each relay knows only enough to strip off the outermost layer of encryption, before passing what’s left on to the next relay in the list.

• Effort: advanced

Suspicious URI Used In A Lazarus Campaign

Detects suspicious requests to a specific URI, usually on an .asp page. The website is often compromised.

• Effort: intermediate

Suspicious URL Requested By Curl Or Wget Commands

Correlation rule aiming to be multi-source to detect URL with suspicious files extensions (seen on a network level by proxies or firewalls) being requested by curl or wget processes (seen on a host level).

• Effort: advanced

TOR Usage Generic Rule

Detects TOR usage globally, whether the IP is a destination or source. TOR is short for The Onion Router, and it gets its name from how it works. TOR intercepts the network traffic from one or more apps on user’s computer, usually the user web browser, and shuffles it through a number of randomly-chosen computers before passing it on to its destination. This disguises user location, and makes it harder for servers to pick him/her out on repeat visits, or to tie together separate visits to different sites, this making tracking and surveillance more difficult. Before a network packet starts its journey, user’s computer chooses a random list of relays and repeatedly encrypts the data in multiple layers, like an onion. Each relay knows only enough to strip off the outermost layer of encryption, before passing what’s left on to the next relay in the list.

• Effort: master

Telegram Bot API Request

Detects suspicious DNS queries to api.telegram.org used by Telegram Bots of any kind

• Effort: advanced

TrevorC2 HTTP Communication

Detects TrevorC2 HTTP communication based on the HTTP request URI and the user-agent.

• Effort: elementary

WCE wceaux.dll Creation

Detects wceaux.dll creation while Windows Credentials Editor (WCE) is executed.

• Effort: intermediate

ZIP LNK Infection Chain

Detection of an ZIP download followed by a child-process of explorer, followed by multiple Windows processes.This is widely used as an infection chain mechanism.

• Effort: advanced

Zscaler ZIA Malicious Threat

Zscaler Internet Access has detected a network traffic as malicious

• Effort: master

Zscaler ZIA Suspicious Threat

Zscaler Internet Access has detected a network traffic as malicious

• Effort: master

Event Categories

The following table lists the data source offered by this integration.

Data Source	Description
File monitoring	Monitor files and devices activities
Process monitoring	Monitor process activities
Process use of network	Monitor network activities

In details, the following table denotes the type of events produced by this integration.

Name	Values
Kind	``
Category	authentication, configuration, network, process
Type	change, connection, info, start

Transformed Events Samples after Ingestion

This section demonstrates how the raw logs will be transformed by our parsers. It shows the extracted fields that will be available for use in the built-in detection rules and hunting activities in the events page. Understanding these transformations is essential for analysts to create effective detection mechanisms with custom detection rules and to leverage the full potential of the collected data.

test_event_audit1.jsontest_event_audit2.jsontest_event_casb.jsontest_event_dns.jsontest_event_firewall.jsontest_event_web.jsontest_event_web2.jsontest_event_web3.jsontest_saas_security_event.jsontest_tunnel_gre.jsontest_tunnel_ipsev_ikev1.jsontest_tunnel_ipsev_ikev2.json

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-audit\",\"event\": {\"time\": \"Mon Aug 28 08:04:30 2023\",\"recordid\": \"0\",\"action\": \"UPDATE\",\"category\": \"Unknown\",\"subcategory\": \"Unknown\",\"resource\": \"com.zscaler.zapi.domain.nss.ZmanageNssFeed\",\"interface\": \"UI\",\"adminid\": \"None\",\"clientip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"result\": \"SUCCESS\",\"errorcode\": \"None\",\"auditlogtype\": \"ZIA\",\"preaction\": \"Unknown\",\"postaction\": \"Unknown\"}}",
    "event": {
        "action": "update",
        "category": [
            "configuration"
        ],
        "dataset": "audit",
        "type": [
            "change"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-08-28T08:04:30Z",
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "audit": {
                "log_type": "ZIA"
            },
            "category": "Unknown",
            "event": {
                "outcome": "SUCCESS"
            },
            "resource": "com.zscaler.zapi.domain.nss.ZmanageNssFeed",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-audit",
            "sub_category": "Unknown"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-audit\",\"event\": {\"time\": \"Mon Aug 28 08:04:30 2023\",\"recordid\": \"0\",\"action\": \"SIGN_IN\",\"category\": \"Unknown\",\"subcategory\": \"Unknown\",\"resource\": \"com.zscaler.zapi.domain.AuthCredentials\",\"interface\": \"UI\",\"adminid\": \"None\",\"clientip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"result\": \"SUCCESS\",\"errorcode\": \"None\",\"auditlogtype\": \"ZIA\",\"preaction\": \"Unknown\",\"postaction\": \"Unknown\"}}",
    "event": {
        "action": "sign_in",
        "category": [
            "authentication"
        ],
        "dataset": "audit",
        "type": [
            "start"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-08-28T08:04:30Z",
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "audit": {
                "log_type": "ZIA"
            },
            "category": "Unknown",
            "event": {
                "outcome": "SUCCESS"
            },
            "resource": "com.zscaler.zapi.domain.AuthCredentials",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-audit",
            "sub_category": "Unknown"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-casb\",\"event\": {\"login\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\"tenant\": \"example\",\"object_type\": \"0\",\"applicationname\": \"ONEDRIVE\",\"object_name_1\": \"sanity2022-09-04 00-06.pdf\",\"object_name_2\": \"Maverick\"}}",
    "event": {
        "category": [
            "process"
        ],
        "dataset": "casb",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "file": {
        "name": "sanity2022-09-04 00-06.pdf"
    },
    "network": {
        "application": "ONEDRIVE"
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "source_type": "zscalernss-casb"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-dns\",\"event\": {\"datetime\": \"Mon Aug 28 08:05:55 2023\",\"user\": \"john.doe@example.orf\",\"department\": \"Financial%20Dept\",\"location\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\"reqaction\": \"Allow\",\"resaction\": \"Allow\",\"reqrulelabel\": \"DNS_1\",\"resrulelabel\": \"Zscaler Bypass Traffic\",\"dns_reqtype\": \"AAAA\",\"dns_req\": \"test.example.org\",\"dns_resp\": \"NotFound\",\"srv_dport\": \"53\",\"durationms\": \"0\",\"clt_sip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"srv_dip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\"category\": \"Corporate Marketing\",\"respipcategory\": \"Other\",\"deviceowner\": \"johndoe\",\"devicehostname\": \"hostname\"}}",
    "event": {
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "dns",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-08-28T08:05:55Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "5.6.7.8",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8",
        "port": 53
    },
    "dns": {
        "question": {
            "name": "test.example.org",
            "registered_domain": "example.org",
            "subdomain": "test",
            "top_level_domain": "org",
            "type": "AAAA"
        },
        "response_code": "NotFound"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "hostname"
    },
    "related": {
        "hosts": [
            "test.example.org"
        ],
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ],
        "user": [
            "johndoe"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.orf",
        "name": "johndoe"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "category": "Corporate Marketing",
            "department": "Financial%20Dept",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-dns"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-fw\",\"event\": {\"datetime\": \"Mon Aug 28 15:43:59 2023\",\"user\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\"department\": \"Financial%20Dept\",\"locationname\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\"cdport\": \"443\",\"csport\": \"52352\",\"sdport\": \"443\",\"ssport\": \"43007\",\"csip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"cdip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"ssip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\"sdip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\"tsip\": \"0.0.0.0\",\"tunsport\": \"0\",\"tuntype\": \"ZscalerClientConnector\",\"action\": \"Allow\",\"dnat\": \"No\",\"stateful\": \"Yes\",\"aggregate\": \"Yes\",\"nwsvc\": \"HTTPS\",\"nwapp\": \"mozilla\",\"proto\": \"TCP\",\"ipcat\": \"Internet Services\",\"destcountry\": \"United States\",\"avgduration\": \"170000\",\"rulelabel\": \"Recommended%20Firewall%20Rule\",\"inbytes\": \"3367\",\"outbytes\": \"5894\",\"duration\": \"340\",\"durationms\": \"340000\",\"numsessions\": \"2\",\"ipsrulelabel\": \"None\",\"threatcat\": \"Threat category 2\",\"threatname\": \"Threat name 1\",\"deviceowner\": \"johndoe\",\"devicehostname\": \" \"}}",
    "event": {
        "action": "allow",
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "firewall",
        "duration": 340,
        "type": [
            "connection"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-08-28T15:43:59Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "5.6.7.8",
        "bytes": 5894,
        "geo": {
            "country_name": "United States"
        },
        "ip": "5.6.7.8",
        "port": 443
    },
    "network": {
        "protocol": "TCP"
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ],
        "user": [
            "johndoe"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "bytes": 3367,
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "port": 52352
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org",
        "name": "johndoe"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "avgduration": "170000",
            "department": "Financial%20Dept",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-fw",
            "threat": {
                "category": "Threat category 2",
                "name": "Threat name 1"
            },
            "tuntype": "ZscalerClientConnector"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-web\",\"event\": {\"datetime\": \"2023-08-28 15:43:14\",\"reason\": \"Allowed\",\"event_id\": \"1111111111111111111\",\"protocol\": \"SSL\",\"action\": \"Allowed\",\"transactionsize\": \"608\",\"responsesize\": \"0\",\"requestsize\": \"608\",\"urlcategory\": \"News and Media\",\"serverip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\"requestmethod\": \"NA\",\"refererURL\": \"None\",\"useragent\": \"Unknown\",\"product\": \"NSS\",\"location\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\"ClientIP\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"status\": \"NA\",\"user\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\"url\": \"a.et.nytimes.com\",\"vendor\": \"Zscaler\",\"hostname\": \"a.et.nytimes.com\",\"clientpublicIP\": \"4.3.2.1\",\"threatcategory\": \"Threat category 1\",\"threatname\": \"Threat Name 1\",\"filetype\": \"filetype 1\",\"appname\": \"General Browsing\",\"pagerisk\": \"0\",\"department\": \"Financial%20Dept\",\"urlsupercategory\": \"News and Media\",\"appclass\": \"General Browsing\",\"dlpengine\": \"None\",\"urlclass\": \"Bandwidth Loss\",\"threatclass\": \"threat class # 1\",\"dlpdictionaries\": \"None\",\"fileclass\": \"None\",\"bwthrottle\": \"NO\",\"contenttype\": \"Other\",\"unscannabletype\": \"None\",\"deviceowner\": \"johndoe\",\"devicehostname\": \" \",\"keyprotectiontype\": \"N/A\"}}",
    "event": {
        "action": "allowed",
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "web",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-08-28T15:43:14Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "domain": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8",
        "registered_domain": "nytimes.com",
        "subdomain": "a.et",
        "top_level_domain": "com"
    },
    "file": {
        "type": "filetype 1"
    },
    "http": {
        "request": {
            "bytes": 608,
            "method": "NA"
        },
        "response": {
            "bytes": 0,
            "mime_type": "Other"
        }
    },
    "network": {
        "protocol": "SSL"
    },
    "related": {
        "hosts": [
            "a.et.nytimes.com"
        ],
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ],
        "user": [
            "johndoe"
        ]
    },
    "server": {
        "ip": "5.6.7.8"
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "url": {
        "domain": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "original": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "path": "a.et.nytimes.com"
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org",
        "name": "johndoe"
    },
    "user_agent": {
        "device": {
            "name": "Other"
        },
        "name": "Other",
        "original": "Unknown",
        "os": {
            "name": "Other"
        }
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "appname": "General Browsing",
            "department": "Financial%20Dept",
            "event_id": "1111111111111111111",
            "keyprotectiontype": "N/A",
            "product": "NSS",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-web",
            "threat": {
                "category": "Threat category 1",
                "class": "threat class # 1",
                "name": "Threat Name 1"
            },
            "vendor": "Zscaler"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-web\",\"event\": {\"datetime\": \"2023-08-28 15:43:14\",\"reason\": \"Allowed\",\"event_id\": \"1111111111111111111\",\"protocol\": \"SSL\",\"action\": \"Allowed\",\"transactionsize\": \"608\",\"responsesize\": \"0\",\"requestsize\": \"608\",\"urlcategory\": \"News and Media\",\"serverip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\"requestmethod\": \"NA\",\"refererURL\": \"None\",\"useragent\": \"Unknown\",\"product\": \"NSS\",\"location\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\"ClientIP\": \"1.2.3.4\",\"status\": \"NA\",\"user\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\"url\": \"ctldl.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/v3/static/trustedr/en/pinrulesstl.cab?9ea4b61fd3501b07\",\"vendor\": \"Zscaler\",\"hostname\": \"a.et.nytimes.com\",\"clientpublicIP\": \"4.3.2.1\",\"threatcategory\": \"Threat category 1\",\"threatname\": \"Threat Name 1\",\"filetype\": \"filetype 1\",\"appname\": \"General Browsing\",\"pagerisk\": \"0\",\"department\": \"Financial%20Dept\",\"urlsupercategory\": \"News and Media\",\"appclass\": \"General Browsing\",\"dlpengine\": \"None\",\"urlclass\": \"Bandwidth Loss\",\"threatclass\": \"threat class # 1\",\"dlpdictionaries\": \"None\",\"fileclass\": \"None\",\"bwthrottle\": \"NO\",\"contenttype\": \"Other\",\"unscannabletype\": \"None\",\"deviceowner\": \"johndoe\",\"devicehostname\": \" \",\"keyprotectiontype\": \"N/A\"}}",
    "event": {
        "action": "allowed",
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "web",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2023-08-28T15:43:14Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "domain": "a.et.nytimes.com",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8",
        "registered_domain": "nytimes.com",
        "subdomain": "a.et",
        "top_level_domain": "com"
    },
    "file": {
        "type": "filetype 1"
    },
    "http": {
        "request": {
            "bytes": 608,
            "method": "NA"
        },
        "response": {
            "bytes": 0,
            "mime_type": "Other"
        }
    },
    "network": {
        "protocol": "SSL"
    },
    "related": {
        "hosts": [
            "a.et.nytimes.com",
            "ctldl.windowsupdate.com"
        ],
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ],
        "user": [
            "johndoe"
        ]
    },
    "server": {
        "ip": "5.6.7.8"
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "url": {
        "domain": "ctldl.windowsupdate.com",
        "original": "ctldl.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/v3/static/trustedr/en/pinrulesstl.cab?9ea4b61fd3501b07",
        "path": "msdownload/update/v3/static/trustedr/en/pinrulesstl.cab",
        "query": "9ea4b61fd3501b07"
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org",
        "name": "johndoe"
    },
    "user_agent": {
        "device": {
            "name": "Other"
        },
        "name": "Other",
        "original": "Unknown",
        "os": {
            "name": "Other"
        }
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "appname": "General Browsing",
            "department": "Financial%20Dept",
            "event_id": "1111111111111111111",
            "keyprotectiontype": "N/A",
            "product": "NSS",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-web",
            "threat": {
                "category": "Threat category 1",
                "class": "threat class # 1",
                "name": "Threat Name 1"
            },
            "vendor": "Zscaler"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{ \"sourcetype\" : \"zscalernss-web\", \"event\" : {\"datetime\":\"2024-08-26 13:27:54\",\"reason\":\"Allowed\",\"event_id\":\"1111111111111111\",\"protocol\":\"HTTPS\",\"action\":\"Allowed\",\"transactionsize\":\"1706\",\"responsesize\":\"758\",\"requestsize\":\"948\",\"urlcategory\":\"Online Chat\",\"serverip\":\"1.2.3.4\",\"requestmethod\":\"GET\",\"refererURL\":\"exemple.url.com/\",\"useragent\":\"Mozilla/5.0%20(Windows%20NT%2010.0;%20Win64;%20x64)%20AppleWebKit/537.36%20(KHTML%2c%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome/128.0.0.0%20Safari/537.36\",\"product\":\"NSS\",\"location\":\"FR-Re\",\"ClientIP\":\"5.6.7.8\",\"status\":\"200\",\"user\":\"john.doe@mail.com\",\"url\":\"api.chat.org/bot/sendmessage\",\"vendor\":\"Zscaler\",\"hostname\":\"api.chat.org\",\"clientpublicIP\":\"5.6.7.8\",\"threatcategory\":\"None\",\"threatname\":\"None\",\"filetype\":\"None\",\"appname\":\"Random Chat\",\"pagerisk\":\"10\",\"department\":\"FR\",\"urlsupercategory\":\"Internet Communication\",\"appclass\":\"Sales and Marketing\",\"dlpengine\":\"None\",\"urlclass\":\"Business Use\",\"threatclass\":\"None\",\"dlpdictionaries\":\"None\",\"fileclass\":\"None\",\"bwthrottle\":\"NO\",\"contenttype\":\"application/json\",\"unscannabletype\":\"None\",\"deviceowner\":\"NA\",\"devicehostname\":\"NA\",\"keyprotectiontype\":\"Software Protection\"}}",
    "event": {
        "action": "allowed",
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "web",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2024-08-26T13:27:54Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "api.chat.org",
        "domain": "api.chat.org",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "registered_domain": "chat.org",
        "subdomain": "api",
        "top_level_domain": "org"
    },
    "host": {
        "name": "NA"
    },
    "http": {
        "request": {
            "bytes": 948,
            "method": "GET",
            "referrer": "exemple.url.com/"
        },
        "response": {
            "bytes": 758,
            "mime_type": "application/json"
        }
    },
    "network": {
        "protocol": "HTTPS"
    },
    "related": {
        "hosts": [
            "api.chat.org"
        ],
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ],
        "user": [
            "NA"
        ]
    },
    "server": {
        "ip": "1.2.3.4"
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "5.6.7.8",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8"
    },
    "url": {
        "domain": "api.chat.org",
        "original": "api.chat.org/bot/sendmessage",
        "path": "bot/sendmessage"
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@mail.com",
        "name": "NA"
    },
    "user_agent": {
        "device": {
            "name": "Other"
        },
        "name": "Chrome",
        "original": "Mozilla/5.0%20(Windows%20NT%2010.0;%20Win64;%20x64)%20AppleWebKit/537.36%20(KHTML%2c%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome/128.0.0.0%20Safari/537.36",
        "os": {
            "name": "Windows"
        },
        "version": "128.0.0"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "appname": "Random Chat",
            "department": "FR",
            "event_id": "1111111111111111",
            "keyprotectiontype": "Software Protection",
            "product": "NSS",
            "source_type": "zscalernss-web",
            "vendor": "Zscaler"
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\n  \"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-casb\",\n  \"event\": {\n    \"datetime\": \"Wed Aug 17 15:35:15 2022\",\n    \"recordid\": \"7132869149011804161\",\n    \"company\": \"Example\",\n    \"tenant\": \"example-tenant\",\n    \"login\": \"john.doe@example.onmicrosoft.com\",\n    \"dept\": \"Financial%20Dept\",\n    \"applicationname\": \"SHAREPOINT\",\n    \"filename\": \"sanity2022-08-16 14-03.pdf\",\n    \"filesource\": \"/sites/tanya/Shared%20Documents/Activity\",\n    \"filemd5\": \"01565bf41f1cb993d69334f409835293\",\n    \"threatname\": \"malpdf\",\n    \"policy\": \"Quarantine Malware\",\n    \"dlpdictnames\": null,\n    \"dlpdictcount\": null,\n    \"dlpenginenames\": null,\n    \"fullurl\": \"https://example.org/sites/\",\n    \"lastmodtime\": \"Tue Aug 16 14:03:13 2022\",\n    \"filescantimems\": \"537\",\n    \"filedownloadtimems\": \"435\"\n  }\n}\n",
    "event": {
        "category": [
            "process"
        ],
        "dataset": "casb",
        "type": [
            "info"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2022-08-17T15:35:15Z",
    "file": {
        "directory": "/sites/tanya/Shared%20Documents/Activity",
        "hash": {
            "md5": "01565bf41f1cb993d69334f409835293"
        },
        "name": "sanity2022-08-16 14-03.pdf"
    },
    "network": {
        "application": "SHAREPOINT"
    },
    "organization": {
        "name": "Example"
    },
    "related": {
        "hash": [
            "01565bf41f1cb993d69334f409835293"
        ]
    },
    "url": {
        "domain": "example.org",
        "original": "https://example.org/sites/",
        "path": "/sites/",
        "port": 443,
        "registered_domain": "example.org",
        "scheme": "https",
        "top_level_domain": "org"
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.onmicrosoft.com"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "source_type": "zscalernss-casb",
            "threat": {
                "name": "malpdf"
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\n  \"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-tunnel\",\n  \"event\": {\n    \"datetime\": \"Thu Jun 23 16:24:59 2022\",\n    \"Recordtype\": \"Tunnel Samples\",\n    \"tunneltype\": \"GRE\",\n    \"user\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\n    \"location\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\n    \"sourceip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\n    \"destinationip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\n    \"sourceport\": \"4535\",\n    \"event\": \"PHASE1_ERROR\",\n    \"eventreason\": \"TIMEOUT\",\n    \"recordid\": \"7112472280601133057\"\n  }\n}\n",
    "event": {
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "tunnel",
        "type": [
            "connection"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2022-06-23T16:24:59Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "5.6.7.8",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8"
    },
    "error": {
        "code": "TIMEOUT"
    },
    "network": {
        "type": "GRE"
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "port": 4535
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "event": {
                "outcome": "failure"
            },
            "source_type": "zscalernss-tunnel",
            "tunnel": {
                "status": "PHASE1_ERROR"
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\n  \"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-tunnel\",\n  \"event\": {\n    \"datetime\": \"Thu Jun 23 16:24:59 2022\",\n    \"Recordtype\": \"Tunnel Samples\",\n    \"tunneltype\": \"ipsec\",\n    \"user\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\n    \"location\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\n    \"sourceip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\n    \"destinationip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\n    \"sourceport\": \"4535\",\n    \"sourceportstart\": \"10432\",\n    \"destinationportstart\": \"23456\",\n    \"srcipstart\": \"1.1.5.0\",\n    \"srcipend\": \"1.2.123.254\",\n    \"destinationipstart\": \"5.2.1.1\",\n    \"destinationipend\": \"5.200.123.254\",\n    \"lifetime\": \"3600\",\n    \"ikeversion\": \"1\",\n    \"lifebytes\": \"1560\",\n    \"spi\": \"1111111111111111\",\n    \"algo\": \"BLOWFISH_CBC\",\n    \"authentication\": \"HMAC_SHA256\",\n    \"authtype\": \"RSAENC\",\n    \"protocol\": \"TCP\",\n    \"tunnelprotocol\": \"ESP\",\n    \"policydirection\": null,\n    \"recordid\": \"7112472280601133057\"\n  }\n}\n",
    "event": {
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "tunnel",
        "type": [
            "connection"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2022-06-23T16:24:59Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "5.6.7.8",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8"
    },
    "network": {
        "protocol": "TCP",
        "type": "ipsec"
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "port": 4535
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "event": {
                "outcome": "success"
            },
            "source_type": "zscalernss-tunnel",
            "tunnel": {
                "ikeversion": "1"
            }
        }
    }
}

{
    "message": "{\n  \"sourcetype\": \"zscalernss-tunnel\",\n  \"event\": {\n    \"datetime\": \"Thu Jun 23 16:24:59 2022\",\n    \"Recordtype\": \"Tunnel Samples\",\n    \"tunneltype\": \"ipsec\",\n    \"user\": \"john.doe@example.org\",\n    \"location\": \"Road%20Warrior\",\n    \"sourceip\": \"1.2.3.4\",\n    \"destinationip\": \"5.6.7.8\",\n    \"sourceport\": \"4535\",\n    \"destinationport\": \"4564\",\n    \"lifetime\": \"3600\",\n    \"ikeversion\": \"1\",\n    \"spi_in\": \"1111111\",\n    \"spi_out\": \"22222222\",\n    \"algo\": \"BLOWFISH_CBC\",\n    \"authentication\": \"HMAC_SHA256\",\n    \"authtype\": \"RSAENC\",\n    \"recordid\": \"7112472280601133057\"\n  }\n}\n",
    "event": {
        "category": [
            "network"
        ],
        "dataset": "tunnel",
        "type": [
            "connection"
        ]
    },
    "@timestamp": "2022-06-23T16:24:59Z",
    "destination": {
        "address": "5.6.7.8",
        "ip": "5.6.7.8"
    },
    "network": {
        "type": "ipsec"
    },
    "related": {
        "ip": [
            "1.2.3.4",
            "5.6.7.8"
        ]
    },
    "source": {
        "address": "1.2.3.4",
        "ip": "1.2.3.4",
        "port": 4535
    },
    "user": {
        "email": "john.doe@example.org"
    },
    "zscaler": {
        "zia": {
            "event": {
                "outcome": "success"
            },
            "source_type": "zscalernss-tunnel",
            "tunnel": {
                "ikeversion": "1"
            }
        }
    }
}

Extracted Fields

The following table lists the fields that are extracted, normalized under the ECS format, analyzed and indexed by the parser. It should be noted that infered fields are not listed.

Name	Type	Description
@timestamp	date	Date/time when the event originated.
destination.bytes	long	Bytes sent from the destination to the source.
destination.domain	keyword	The domain name of the destination.
destination.geo.country_name	keyword	Country name.
destination.ip	ip	IP address of the destination.
destination.port	long	Port of the destination.
dns.question.name	keyword	The name being queried.
dns.question.type	keyword	The type of record being queried.
dns.response_code	keyword	The DNS response code.
error.code	keyword	Error code describing the error.
event.action	keyword	The action captured by the event.
event.category	keyword	Event category. The second categorization field in the hierarchy.
event.duration	long	Duration of the event in nanoseconds.
event.type	keyword	Event type. The third categorization field in the hierarchy.
file.directory	keyword	Directory where the file is located.
file.hash.md5	keyword	MD5 hash.
file.name	keyword	Name of the file including the extension, without the directory.
file.type	keyword	File type (file, dir, or symlink).
host.name	keyword	Name of the host.
http.request.bytes	long	Total size in bytes of the request (body and headers).
http.request.method	keyword	HTTP request method.
http.request.referrer	keyword	Referrer for this HTTP request.
http.response.bytes	long	Total size in bytes of the response (body and headers).
http.response.mime_type	keyword	Mime type of the body of the response.
http.response.status_code	long	HTTP response status code.
network.application	keyword	Application level protocol name.
network.protocol	keyword	Application protocol name.
network.type	keyword	In the OSI Model this would be the Network Layer. ipv4, ipv6, ipsec, pim, etc
organization.name	keyword	Organization name.
server.ip	ip	IP address of the server.
source.bytes	long	Bytes sent from the source to the destination.
source.ip	ip	IP address of the source.
source.port	long	Port of the source.
url.domain	keyword	Domain of the url.
url.original	wildcard	Unmodified original url as seen in the event source.
url.path	wildcard	Path of the request, such as "/search".
url.query	keyword	Query string of the request.
user.email	keyword	User email address.
user.name	keyword	Short name or login of the user.
user_agent.original	keyword	Unparsed user_agent string.
zscaler.zia.appname	keyword	ZScaler app name
zscaler.zia.audit.log_type	keyword	ZScaler audit log type
zscaler.zia.avgduration	keyword	ZScaler average duration
zscaler.zia.category	keyword	ZScaler category
zscaler.zia.department	keyword	ZScaler department
zscaler.zia.event.outcome	keyword	ZScaler event outcome
zscaler.zia.event_id	keyword	ZScaler event ID
zscaler.zia.keyprotectiontype	keyword	ZScaler key protection type
zscaler.zia.product	keyword	ZScaler product
zscaler.zia.resource	keyword	ZScaler resource
zscaler.zia.source_type	keyword	ZScaler source type
zscaler.zia.sub_category	keyword	ZScaler sub category
zscaler.zia.threat.category	keyword	ZScaler threat category
zscaler.zia.threat.class	keyword	ZScaler threat class
zscaler.zia.threat.name	keyword	ZScaler threat name
zscaler.zia.tunnel.ikeversion	keyword	ZScaler IKE Version of the tunnel
zscaler.zia.tunnel.status	keyword	ZScaler status of the tunnel
zscaler.zia.tuntype	keyword	ZScaler tunel type
zscaler.zia.vendor	keyword	ZScaler vendor

For more information on the Intake Format, please find the code of the Parser, Smart Descriptions, and Supported Events here.

Further Readings

• Zscaler - Nanolog Streaming Service